 | Podocarpus neriifolius D. DonCommon NamesBrown pine; Malaya: jati bukit (Pahang); Sumatra: ambai ayam (Indragiri); hatang (Tapanuli); kayu tadji (Palembang); minangkas (Bencoolen); naru dotan (Simalur I.); sito bu hotang (KaroBatak); Java: antoh (Japara); ki bima, ki merak, ki pantjar, ki putri; Borneo: belah buloh (Lawas, Sarawak); djadjaruman (Sampit); ki beling (Sabah); Celebes: kurniah (Nokilalaki); Lesser Sunda Islands: hadjo ketong, hadju pinis rona (Flores); Moluccas: bitaö (Halmaheira); West New Guinea: aiwimunuwamee (Biak); bung (Mayu); buskagidji, butsgagyi (Andai, Manikiong); gedorra (Fakfak, Esania); kayu tjina merah (Kp. Baros); korrikain (Tehid); uwa (Amberbaken); wajar (Mandobo); wasabraren (on Numfoor I.); East New Guinea: isimberi (Nindewari); sipiri (on Kikori R.); sirau (Bulolo, Gairana dial.) (1).Taxonomic notesSyn: Nageia neriifolia (D.Don) O.K. 1891; P. neglecta Blume 1849; Nageia neglecta (Blume) O.K. 1891; P. discolor Blume 1847; Nageia discolor (Blume) O.K. 1891; P. leptostachya Blume 1849; Nageia leptostachya (Blume) O.K. 1891; P. junghuhniana Miq. 1851; P. polyantha (Wasscher) Gaussen 1976; P. decipiens Gray 1955 (1).Description"Tree (3-)5-30(-45) m tall, 10-100 cm diam., clear bole up to 20 m; crown often dome-shaped. Foliage buds 2-5 mm long, occasionally longer, the primary scales often spreading. Juvenile leaves 15-24 by up to 2.4 cm, acuminate and acute, narrowing abruptly at the base to a short petiole, becoming linear-lanceolate and c. 1.6 cm wide on older fast-growing saplings in open forest situations. Leaves of mature trees similar with a short petiole up to 6 mm. Shade leaves acuminate, 8-12 by 1.2-1.8 cm. More exposed leaves linear-lanceolate, 12-18 by 1.1-1.5cm or on particularly large trees more nearly linear and 7-10 by 1-1.1 cm. Midrib abruptly raised on the upper side of the leaf at least 0.3 mm high and usually 0.6-0.8 mm wide but as little as 0.4 mm wide on less vigorous leaves or in the Borneo region on most leaves. Pollen cones solitary or in groups of two or most commonly three, sessile. Receptacle bright red when mature."Field notes. The bole is columnar, as usual; very rarely buttresses were recorded on field labels, 120 by 60 cm and 200 by 40 cm; sometimes the base was slightly spurred" (1). RangeNepal; Sikkim; India:Assam; Thailand; Indochina; Malaysia; Indonesia; Philippines; Celebes; Lesser Sunda Islands (Bali, Flores); Moluccas (Obi, Ceram, Halmaheira); New Guinea (incl. New Britain, New Ireland, Rossel I., Manus I., Biak, Job I., and Numfoor); Solomon and Fiji Islands (1). This makes it one of the most widespread species in the genus, "[s]cattered and locally common in primary rain-forests from near sea-level to c. 2100 m. In most areas it appears as an understory tree with occasional much larger, emergent specimens in the canopy but in other areas, such as Java, Fiji, etc. it is normally a canopy tree... Habitats vary: rarely riverine, often on rocky hilltops, in mossy forest, twice recorded from limestone, and twice from swampy forest. Also as to soils there is diversity: in Sarawak it is found on kerangas in heath forest and on sandstone ridges, but also on andesitic laterites, which is the common latosol in Java, and sandy clay. In the Morobe District (New Guinea) it is recorded from ultrabasic [substrates]... As to associates it is recorded from pelawan (Tristania) forest on sandstone ridges in S. Borneo; in the Javanese mountain forest its codominants are Dacrycarpus imbricatus and Altingia noronhae; in New Britain it occurs in the hills with Pometia and Calophyllum, in the montane forest in New Ireland with Fagaceae, Eugenia and Schizomeria; in the Morobe District (New Guinea) it is associated with Anisoptera and Flindersia in the canopy" (1).Big TreeOldestDendrochronologyEthnobotanyA valuable timber tree, used for construction (1).ObservationsRemarksListed as threatened in Viet Nam by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre."[O]ther species are very commonly identified under this name causing confusion as to its exact character and retarding the recognition of the other species... In spite of the great geographic range, only slight variation exists within the species. The most distinct element is in the substantially isolated occurrence in Fiji where primary foliage budscales can reach 5 mm and where extra vascular resin canals are often found in the leaves (P. decipiens). In Borneo the midrib on the upper surface of the leaf is weak while from India to southeastern Asia the leaves are more commonly lanceolate and the foliage buds are usually no more than 2 mm long with barely spreading primary scales" (1). Citations(1) Laubenfels 1988. |
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