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PBIO 250 Lecture Notes
James L. Reveal
Norton-Brown Herbarium, University of Maryland
Thorne System of Angiosperm Classification
1. Magnoliopsida Brongn. (1843)
Aceropsida Endl. (1840)
Aesculopsida Brongn. (1843)
Aristolochiopsida Bartl. (1830)
Aropsida Bartl. (1830)
Asaropsida Brongn. (1843)
Asclepidopsida Brongn. (1843)
Asteropsida Brongn. (1843)
Berberidopsida Brongn. (1843)
Bromeliopsida Brongn. (1843)
Cactopsida Brongn. (1843)
Campanulopsida Bartl. (1830)
Caprifoliopsida Endl. (1838)
Caryophyllopsida Bartl., nom. admiss. (1825)
Celastropsida Brongn. (1843)
Cistopsida Bartl. (1830)
Coffeopsida Brongn. (1843)
Convolvulopsida Brongn. (1843)
Crassulopsida Brongn. (1843)
Crotonopsida Brongn. (1843)
Cucurbitopsida Brongn. (1843)
Daphnopsida Meisn. (1841)
Diospyropsida Brongn. (1843)
Ericopsida Bartl. (1830)
Frangulopsida Endl. (1840)
Geraniopsida Meisn. (1837)
Hamamelidopsida Brongn. (1843)
Hydrocharitopsida Bartl. (1830)
Hydropeltidopsida Bartl. (1830)
Juncopsida Bartl. (1830)
Ligustropsida Bartl. ex Meisn. (1840)
Liliopsida Scop. (1760)
Liriopsida Brongn. (1843)
Loniceropsida Brongn. (1843)
Loranthopsida Bartl. (1830)
Malpighiopsida Bartl. (1830)
Malvopsida R. Br. (1818)
Myrsinopsida Bartl. (1830)
Myrtopsida Bartl. (1830)
Najadiopsida Hoffmanns. & Link (1809)
Nelumbonopsida Endl. (1839)
Nymphaeopsida Brongn. (1843)
Oeotheropsida Brongn. (1843)
Opuntiopsida Endl. (1839)
Orchidopsida Bartl. (1830)
Pandanopsida Brongn. (1843)
Papaveropsida Brongn. (1843)
Passifloropsida Brongn. (1843)
Phoenicopsida Brongn. (1843)
Piperopsida Bartl. (1830)
Plantaginopsida Meisn. (1841)
Plumbaginopsida Endl. (1837)
Polygalopsida Endl. (1840)
Polygonopsida Brongn. (1843)
Primulopsida Brongn. (1843)
Proteopsida Bartl. (1830)
Ranunculopsida Brongn. (1843)
Rhamnopsida Brongn. (1843)
Rosopsida Batsch (1788)
Rubiopsida Bartl. (1830)
Rutopsida A. Juss. ex Meisn. (1837)
Salicopsida Bartl. (1830)
Santalopsida Brongn. (1843)
Saxifragopsida Brongn. (1843)
Selaginopsida Brongn. (1843)
Solanopsida Brongn. (1843)
Styracopsida Bartl. (1830)
Thymelaeopsida Endl. (1837)
Urticopsida Bartl. (1830)
Verbenopsida Brongn. (1843)
Violopsida Brongn. (1843)
1. Magnoliidae Novák ex Takht. (1967)
Asteridae Takht. (1967)
Caryophyllidae Takht., nom. admiss. (1967)
Cornidae Frohne & U. Jensen ex Reveal (1994)
Dilleniidae Takht. ex Reveal & Tahkt. (1993)
Hamamelididae Takht. (1967)
Lamiidae Takht. ex Reveal (1993)
Nelumbonidae Takht. (1996)
Nymphaeidae Takht. (1996)
Piperidae Reveal (1994)
Ranunculidae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
Rosidae Takht. (1967)
1. Magnolianae Takht. (1967)
Ceratophyllanae Takht. (1996)
Lactoridanae Takht. (1996)
Lauranae Takht. (1996)
Nelumbonanae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
Piperanae Reveal (1994)
Ranunculanae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
1. Magnoliales Bromhead (1838)
Annonales Lindl. (1833)
Aristolochiales Dumort. (1829)
Asarales Horan. (1847)
Austrobaileyales Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
Calycanthales Mart. (1835)
Canellales Cronquist (1957)
Chloranthales A.C. Sm. ex J.-F. Leroy (1983)
Eupomatiales Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
Gyrocarpales Dumort. (1829)
Illiciales Hu ex Cronquist (1981)
Lactoridales Takht. ex Reveal (1993)
Laurales Perleb (1826)
Monimiales Dumort. (1829)
Myristicales Thomé (1877)
Piperales Dumort. (1829)
Winterales A.C. Sm. ex Reveal, nom. admiss. (1993)
1. Winteraceae R. Br. ex Lindl., nom. cons. (1830)
Takhtajaniaceae (J.-F. Leroy) J.-F. Leroy (1980)
2. Illiciaceae (DC.) A.C. Smith, nom. cons. (1947)
3. Schisandraceae Blume, nom. cons. (1830)
4. Magnoliaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Liriodendraceae F.A. Barkley (1975)
5. Degeneriaceae I.W. Bailey & A.C. Smith, nom. cons. (1942)
6. Himantandraceae Diels, nom. cons. (1917)
7. Eupomatiaceae Endl., nom. cons. (1841)
8. Annonaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Hornschuchiaceae J. Agardh (1858)
Monodoraceae J. Agardh (1858)
9. Aristolochiaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Asaraceae Vent. (1799)
10. Myristicaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1810)
11. Canellaceae Mart., nom. cons. (1832)
Winteranaceae Warb., nom. illeg. (1895)
12. Austrobaileyaceae (Croizat) Croizat, nom. cons. (1943)
13. Amborellaceae Pichon, nom. cons. (1948)
14. Trimeniaceae (Janet R. Perkins & Gilg) Gibbs, nom. cons. (1917)
15. Chloranthaceae R. Br. ex Lindl., nom. cons. (1821)
Hedyosmaceae Caruel (1881)
16. Monimiaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1809)
Atherospermataceae R. Br. (1814)
Hortoniaceae (Janet R. Perkins & Gilg) A.C. Smith (1971)
Siparunaceae (A. DC.) Schodde (1970)
17. Gomortegaceae Reiche, nom. cons. (1896)
18. Calycanthaceae Lindl., nom. cons. (1819)
Buttneriaceae Barnh., nom. illeg. (1895)
Chimonanthaceae Perleb (1838)
Idiospermaceae S.T. Blake (1972)
19. Lauraceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Cassythaceae Bartl. ex Lindl., nom. cons. (1833)
Perseaceae Horan. (1834)
20. Hernandiaceae Blume, nom. cons. (1826)
Gyrocarpaceae Dumort. (1829)
Illigeraceae Blume (1833)
21. Lactoridaceae Engl., nom. cons. (1888)
22. Saururaceae Rich. ex E. Meyer, nom. cons. (1827)
23. Piperaceae C. Agardh, nom. cons. (1824)
Peperomiaceae A.C. Sm. (1981)
2. Ceratophyllales Bisch. (1839)
1. Ceratophyllaceae Gray, nom. cons. (1821)
3. Nelumbonales Reveal (1996)
1. Nelumbonaceae (DC.) Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
4. Paeoniales Heintze (1927)
Glaucidiales Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
1. Paeoniaceae (Bercht. & J. Presl) Rudolphi, nom. cons. (1830)
2. Glaucidiaceae Tamura (1972)
5. Berberidales Dumort. (1829)
Helleborales Nakai (1949)
Lardizabalales Loconte (1995)
Menispermales Bromhead (1838)
Papaverales Dumort. (1829)
Podophyllales Dumort. (1829)
Ranunculales Dumort. (1829)
1. Menispermaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Pseliaceae Raf. (1838)
2. Lardizabalaceae Decne., nom. cons. (1839)
3. Sargentodoxaceae Stapf ex Hutch. (1926)
4. Berberidaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Diphylleiaceae Schultz Sch. (1832)
Epimediaceae Menge (1839)
Leonticaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
Nandinaceae Horan. (1834)
Podophyllaceae DC., nom. cons. (1821)
Ranzaniaceae (Kumaz. & Terabayashi) Takht. (1994)
5. Hydrastidaceae Martinov (1820)
6. Ranunculaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Actaeaceae Raf. (1828)
Anemonaceae Vest (1818)
Aquilegiaceae Lilja (1870)
Calthaceae Martinov (1820)
Cimicifugaceae (Arn.) Bromhead (1840)
Clematidaceae Martinov (1820)
Delphiniaceae Brenner (1886)
Helleboraceae Vest (1818)
Kingdoniaceae A.S. Foster ex Airy Shaw (1965)
Nigellaceae J. Agardh (1858)
Thalictraceae Raf. (1815)
7. Circaeasteraceae Hutch., nom. cons. (1926)
8. Papaveraceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Chelidoniaceae Martinov (1820)
Corydalaceae Vest (1818)
Eschscholziaceae Ser. (1847)
Fumariaceae DC., nom. cons. (1821)
Hypecoaceae (Dumort.) Wilkomm & Lange (1880)
Platystemonaceae (Rchb. ex Spach) Lilja (1870)
Pteridophyllaceae (Murb.) Nakai ex Reveal & Hoogland (1991)
2. Nymphaeanae Thorne ex Reveal (1992)
1. Nymphaeales Dumort. (1829)
Euryalales H.L. Li (1955)
Hydropeltidales Spinn. (1834)
1. Cabombaceae A. Rich., nom. cons. (1828)
Hydropeltidaceae (DC.) Dumort. (1822)
2. Nymphaeaceae Salisb., nom. cons. (1805)
Barclayaceae (Endl.) H.L. Li (1955)
Euryalaceae J. Agardh (1858)
Nupharaceae A. Kern. (1891)
3. Rafflesianae Thorne ex Reveal (1996)
1. Rafflesiales Oliv. (1895)
Cytinales Dumort. (1829)
Hydnorales Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
Mitrastemonales Makino (1911)
1. Hydnoraceae C. Agardh, nom. cons. (1821)
2. Rafflesiaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
Apodanthaceae (R. Br.) Tiegh. ex Takht. (1987)
Cytinaceae (Brongn.) A. Rich. (1824)
Mitrastemonaceae Makino, nom. cons. (1911)
4. Caryophyllanae Takht., nom. admiss. (1967)
1. Caryophyllales Perleb, nom. admiss. (1826)
Amaranthales Dumort. (1829)
Atriplicales Horan. (1847)
Cactales Dumort. (1829)
Chenopodiales Dumort. (1829)
Nyctaginales Dumort., nom. admiss. (1829)
Opuntiales Willk. (1854)
Petiveriales Lindl. (1833)
Portulacales Dumort. (1829)
Scleranthales Dumort. (1829)
Silenales Lindl. (1833)
Stellariales Dumort. (1829)
1. Caryophyllaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Alsinaceae (Lam. & DC.) Bartl., nom. cons. (1825)
Cerastiaceae Vest (1818)
Corrigiolaceae (Dumort.) Dumort. (1829)
Dianthaceae Vest (1818)
Herniariaceae Durande (1782)
Illecebraceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1810)
Lychnidaceae (Fenzl ex Endl.) Lilja (1870)
Ortegaceae Martinov (1820)
Paronychiaceae Juss. (1815)
Polycarpaeaceae (DC.) Schur (1866)
Scleranthaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
Silenaceae (DC.) Bartl. (1825)
Spergulaceae Adans. (1763)
Stellariaceae Dumort. (1822)
2. Portulacaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Montiaceae Raf. (1820)
3. Hectorellaceae Philipson & Skipw. (1961)
4. Basellaceae Moq., nom. cons. (1840)
Anrederaceae J. Agardh (1858)
Ullucaceae Nakai (1942)
5. Didiereaceae Drake, nom. cons. (1903)
6. Cactaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Cereaceae DC. & Spreng. (transl. W. Jameson) (1821)
Opuntiaceae Martinov (1820)
7. Phytolaccaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1818)
Gisekiaceae (Endl.) Nakai (1942)
Sarcocaceae Raf. (1837)
8. Petiveriaceae C. Agardh (1824)
Hilleriaceae Nakai (1942)
Riviniaceae C. Agardh (1824)
Seguieriaceae Nakai (1942)
9. Agdestidaceae (Heimerl) Nakai (1942)
10. Barbeuiaceae (H. Walter) T. Nakai (1942)
11. Achatocarpaceae Harms, nom. cons. (1934)
12. Stegnospermataceae (A. Rich.) Nakai (1942)
13. Nyctaginaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Allioniaceae Horan. (1834)
Bougainvilleaceae J. Agardh (1858)
Jalapaceae Adans., nom. illeg. (1763)
Mirabilidaceae W.R.B. Oliv. (1936)
Pisoniaceae J. Agardh (1858)
14. Aizoaceae Rudolphi, nom. cons. (1830)
Galeniaceae Raf. (1819)
Mesembryaceae Dumort., nom. illeg. (1829)
Mesembryanthemaceae Fenzl, nom. cons. (1836)
Sesuviaceae Horan. (1834)
Stellariaceae Dumort. (1822)
Tetragoniaceae Nakai, nom. cons. (1942)
15. Halophytaceae A. Soriano (1984)
16. Molluginaceae Hutch., nom. cons. (1926)
Adenogrammaceae (Fenzl) Nakai (1942)
Glinaceae Link (1831)
Pharnaceaceae Martinov (1820)
Polpodaceae (Fenzl) Nakai (1942)
Telephiaceae Martinov (1820)
17. Chenopodiaceae Vent., nom. cons. (1799)
Atriplicaceae Durande (1782)
Betaceae Burnett (1835)
Blitaceae Adans. (1763)
Corispermaceae Link (1831)
Dysphaniaceae (Pax) Pax., nom. cons. (1927)
Polycnemaceae Menge (1839)
Salicorniaceae Martinov (1820)
Salsolaceae Menge (1839)
Spinaciaceae Menge (1839)
18. Amaranthaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Achyranthaceae Raf. (1837)
Celosiaceae Martinov (1820)
Deeringiaceae J. Agardh (1858)
Gomphrenaceae Raf. (1837)
5. Theanae R. Dahlgren ex Reveal (1993)
Dillenianae Takht. (1967)
Ericanae Takht. (1967)
Lecythidanae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
Nepenthanae Takht. ex Reveal (1996)
Plumbaginanae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
Polygonanae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
Primulanae R. Dahlgren ex Reveal (1996)
Sarracenianae Thorne ex Reveal (1996)
1. Theales Lindl. (1833)
Actinidiales Takht. ex Reveal (1993)
Ancistrocladales Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
Aquifoliales Senft, nom. admiss. (1856)
Dilleniales Hutch. (1924)
Dioncophyllales Takht. ex Reveal (1993)
Elatinales Nakai (1949)
Hypericales Dumort. (1829)
Lecythidales Cronquist (1957)
Medusagynales Takht., nom. cons. (1996)
Nepenthales Dumort. (1829)
Ochnales Hutch. ex Reveal (1992)
Paracryphiales Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
Sarraceniales Bromhead (1838)
1. Dilleniaceae Salisb. (1807)
Hibbertiaceae J. Agardh (1858)
Soramiaceae Martinov (1820)
2. Actinidiaceae Hutch., nom. cons. (1926)
Saurauiaceae J. Agardh, nom. cons. (1858)
3. Paracryphiaceae Airy Shaw (1965)
4. Stachyuraceae J. Agardh (1858)
5. Theaceae D. Don, nom. cons. (1825)
Camelliaceae DC. (1816)
Gordoniaceae (DC.) Spreng. (1826)
Malachodendraceae J. Agardh, nom. illeg. (1858)
Sladeniaceae (Gilg & Werderm.) Airy Shaw (1965)
Ternstroemiaceae Mirb. ex DC. (1816)
6. Asteropeiaceae (Szyszyl.) Takht. ex Reveal & Hoogland (1990)
7. Tetrameristaceae Hutch. (1959)
8. Pellicieraceae (Triana & Planch.) L. Beauvis. ex Bullock (1959)
9. Chrysobalanaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1818)
Hirtellaceae Horan. (1847)
Licaniaceae Martinov (1820)
10. Symplocaceae Desf., nom. cons. (1820)
11. Caryocaraceae Szyszyl., nom. cons. (1893)
Rhizobolaceae DC., nom. illeg. (1824)
12. Marcgraviaceae Choisy (1824)
13. Oncothecaceae Kobuski ex Airy Shaw (1965)
14. Aquifoliaceae Bartl., nom. cons. (1830)
Ilicaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
15. Phellinaceae (Loes.) Takht. (1967)
16. Sphenostemonaceae P. Royen & Airy Shaw (1972)
17. Sarraceniaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
Heliamphoraceae Chrtek, Slavíková & Studnicka (1992)
18. Pentaphylacaceae Engl., nom. cons. (1897)
19. Clethraceae Klotzsch, nom. cons. (1851)
20. Cyrillaceae Endl. (1841)
21. Ochnaceae DC., nom. cons. (1811)
Gomphiaceae DC. ex Schnizl. (1843-1870)
Lophiraceae Loud. (1830)
Luxemburgiaceae Soler. (1908)
Sauvagesiaceae (Ging. ex DC.) Dumort. (1829)
22. Quiinaceae Choisy ex Engl., nom. cons. (1888)
23. Scytopetalaceae Engl., nom. cons. (1897)
Rhaptopetalaceae Tiegh. ex Soler. (1908)
24. Medusagynaceae Engl. & Gilg, nom. cons. (1924)
25. Strasburgeriaceae Engl. & Gilg, nom. cons. (1924)
26. Ancistrocladaceae Planch. ex Walp., nom. cons. (1851)
27. Dioncophyllaceae (Gilg) Airy Shaw, nom. cons. (1952)
28. Nepenthaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
29. Bonnetiaceae (Bartl.) L. Beauv. ex Nakai (1948)
30. Clusiaceae Lindl., nom. cons. (1836)
Ascyraceae Plenck (1796)
Calophyllaceae J. Agardh (1858)
Cambogiaceae Horan. (1834)
Garciniaceae Bartl. (1830)
Guttiferae Juss., nom. cons. et nom. alt. (1789)
Hypericaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
31. Elatinaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
Alsinastraceae Rupr., nom. illeg. (1860)
Cryptaceae Raf. (1820)
32. Lecythidaceae Poit., nom. cons. (1825)
Asteranthaceae R. Knuth, nom. cons. (1939)
Barringtoniaceae (DC. ex Schltdl.) Rudolphi, nom. cons. (1830)
Belvisiaceae R. Br., nom. illeg. (1821)
Foetidiaceae (Nied.) Airy Shaw (1965)
Gustaviaceae Burnett (1835)
Napoleonaeaceae A. Rich. (1827)
2. Ericales Dumort. (1829)
Empetrales Raf. (1838)
Rhodorales Horan. (1847)
Vacciniales Dumort. (1829)
1. Ericaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Andromedaceae (Endl.) Schnizl. (1843-1870)
Arbutaceae (Meisn.) Bromhead (1840)
Arctostaphylaceae J. Agardh (1858)
Azaleaceae Vest (1818)
Diplarchaceae Klotzsch (1860)
Hypopityaceae Link (1831)
Kalmiaceae Durande (1782)
Ledaceae Link (1821)
Menziesiaceae Klotzsch (1851)
Monotropaceae Nutt., nom. cons. (1818)
Pyrolaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
Rhododendraceae Juss. (1789)
Rhodoraceae Vent. (1799)
Salaxidaceae J. Agardh (1858)
Siphonandraceae Klotzsch, nom. illeg. (1851)
Vacciniaceae DC. ex Gray, nom. cons. (1821)
2. Epacridaceae R. Br. (1810)
Prionotaceae Hutch. (1969)
Stypheliaceae Horan. (1834)
3. Empetraceae Gray, nom. cons. (1821)
3. Fouquieriales Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
1. Fouquieriaceae DC. (1828)
4. Styracales Bisch. (1839)
Diospyrales Prantl (1874)
Ebenales Engl., nom. admiss. (1892)
Sapotales Hook.f., nom. cons. (1868)
1. Ebenaceae Gürcke, nom. cons. (1891)
Diospyraceae Durande (1782)
Guaiacanaceae Juss. (1789)
2. Lissocarpaceae Gilg, nom. cons. (1924)
3. Sapotaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Achradaceae Vest (1818)
Boerlagellaceae H.J. Lam (1925)
Bumeliaceae Barnh. (1895)
Sarcospermataceae H.J. Lam (1925)
4. Styracaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
Halesiaceae D. Don (1828)
5. Primulales Dumort. (1829)
Myrsinales Spinn. (1835)
Plumbaginales Lindl. (1833)
Samolales Dumort. (1829)
1. Theophrastaceae Link (1829)
2. Myrsinaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1810)
Aegicerataceae Blume (1833)
Ardisiaceae Juss. (1810)
Embeliaceae J. Agardh (1858)
3. Primulaceae Vent., nom. cons. (1799)
Anagallidaceae Adans. (1763)
Coridaceae J. Agardh (1858)
Lysimachiaceae Durande (1782)
Samolaceae Raf. (1820)
4. Plumbaginaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Aegialitidaceae Lincz. (1968)
Armeriaceae Horan. (1834)
Limoniaceae Ser., nom. cons. (1851)
Staticaceae Cassel (1817)
6. Polygonales Dumort. (1829)
1. Polygonaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Calligonaceae Khalk. (1985)
Eriogonaceae (Dumort.) G. Don (1839)
Persicariaceae Adans. (1763)
Rumicaceae Martinov (1820)
6. Celastranae Takht. (1967)
1. Celastrales Baskerville (1839)
Corynocarpales Takht. (1996)
1. Celastraceae R. Br. (1814)
Canotiaceae Airy Shaw (1965)
Chingithamnaceae Hand.-Mazz. (1932)
Euonymaceae Juss. ex Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
Hippocrateaceae Juss. (1811)
Pottingeriaceae (Engl.) Takht. (1987)
Salaciaceae Raf. (1838)
Siphonodontaceae (Croizat) Gagnep. & Tardieu ex Tardieu, nom. cons. (1951)
2. Goupiaceae Miers (1862)
3. Lophopyxidaceae (Engl.) H. Pfeif. (1951)
4. Stackhousiaceae R. Br. (1814)
5. Corynocarpaceae Engl., nom. cons. (1897)
7. Malvanae Takht. (1967)
Barbeyanae Takht. (1996)
Euphorbianae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
Rhamnanae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
Urticanae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
1. Malvales Dumort. (1829)
Elaeocarpales Takht. (1996)
Tiliales Caruel (1881)
1. Sterculiaceae (DC.) Bartl., nom. cons. (1830)
Byttneriaceae R. Br. (1814)
Cacaoaceae Augier ex T. Post & Kuntze (1903)
Chiranthodendraceae A. Gray (1887)
Dombeyaceae Kunth ex Desf. (1829)
Fremontiaceae J. Agardh, nom. illeg. (1858)
Helicteraceae J. Agardh (1858)
Hermanniaceae Durande (1782)
Lasiopetalaceae Rchb. (1823)
Melochiaceae J. Agardh (1858)
Pentapetaceae Spreng. (1826)
Theobromataceae J. Agardh (1858)
Triplobaceae Raf. (1838)
2. Huaceae A. Chev. (1947)
3. Elaeocarpaceae Juss. ex DC., nom. cons. (1824)
Aristoteliaceae Dumort. (1829)
4. Plagiopteraceae Airy Shaw (1965)
5. Tiliaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Sparmanniaceae J. Agardh (1858)
6. Monotaceae (Gilg) Takht. (1987)
7. Dipterocarpaceae Blume (1825)
8. Sarcolaenaceae Caruel, nom. cons. (1881)
Rhodolaenaceae Bullock (1958)
Schizolaenaceae Barnh. (1895)
9. Sphaerosepalaceae (Warb.) Tiegh. ex Bullock (1959)
Diegodendraceae Capuron (1964)
Rhopalocarpaceae Hemsl. ex Takht. (1987)
10. Bombacaceae Kunth, nom. cons. (1822)
11. Malvaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Fugosiaceae Martinov, nom. illeg. (1820)
Hibiscaceae J. Agardh (1858)
Philippodendraceae Endl. (1841)
Plagianthaceae J. Agardh (1858)
2. Urticales Dumort. (1829)
Barbeyales Takht. & Reveal (1993)
Ficales Dumort. (1829)
Ulmales Lindl. (1833)
1. Ulmaceae Mirb., nom. cons. (1815)
Celtidaceae Link (1831)
2. Moraceae Link, nom. cons. (1831)
Artocarpaceae Dumort. (1829)
Dorsteniaceae Chev. (1827)
Ficaceae (Bercht. & J. Presl) Dumort. (1829)
3. Cecropiaceae C.C. Berg (1978)
4. Barbeyaceae Rendle, nom. cons. (1916)
5. Urticaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
6. Cannabaceae Endl., nom. cons. (1837)
Lupulaceae Link (1831)
3. Rhamnales Dumort. (1829)
Elaeagnales Bromhead (1838)
Frangulales Wirtg. (1860)
1. Rhamnaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Frangulaceae DC. (1805)
Gouaniaceae Raf. (1837)
Phylicaceae J. Agardh (1858)
Ziziphaceae Adans. (1763)
2. Elaeagnaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Hippophaeaceae G. Mey. (1836)
4. Euphorbiales Lindl. (1833)
Daphnales Lindl. (1833)
Pandales Engl. & Gilg (1913)
Simmondsiales Reveal (1992)
Thymelaeales Willk. (1854)
1. Euphorbiaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Acalyphaceae Juss. ex Menge (1839)
Androstachyaceae Airy Shaw (1965)
Antidesmataceae Loud. (1830)
Aporusaceae Lindl. ex Miq. (1859)
Bennettiaceae R. Br. ex Schnizl., nom. illeg. (1843-1870)
Bertyaceae J. Agardh (1858)
Bischofiaceae (Müll.-Arg.) Airy Shaw (1965)
Crotonaceae J. Agardh (1858)
Hippomanaceae J. Agardh (1858)
Hymenocardiaceae Airy Shaw (1965)
Mercurialaceae Martinov (1820)
Micrantheaceae J. Agardh (1858)
Paivaeusaceae A. Meeuse (1990)
Pandaceae Engl. & Gilg, nom. cons. (1813)
Peraceae Klotzsch (1859)
Phyllanthaceae Martinov (1820)
Picrodendraceae Small ex Britt. & Millsp., nom. cons. (1920)
Porantheraceae (Pax) Hurus. (1954)
Pseudanthaceae Endl. (1839)
Putranjivaceae Endl. (1841)
Ricinaceae Martinov (1820)
Ricinocarpaceae (Müll.-Arg.) Hurus. (1954)
Scepaceae Lindl. (1836)
Stilaginaceae C. Agardh (1824)
Tithymalaceae Adans. (1763)
Tragiaceae Raf. (1838)
Trewiaceae Lindl. (1836)
Uapacaceae (Müll.-Arg.) Airy Shaw (1965)
2. Aextoxicaceae Engl. & Gilg, nom. cons. (1920)
3. Simmondsiaceae (Müll.-Arg.) Tiegh. ex Reveal & Hoogland (1990)
4. Dichapetalaceae Baill., nom. cons. (1886)
Chailletiaceae R. Br. (1818)
5. Gonystylaceae Gilg, nom. cons. (1897)
6. Thymelaeaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Aquilariaceae R. Br. ex DC. (1825)
Daphnaceae Vent. (1799)
Phaleriaceae Meisn. (1841)
8. Violanae R. Dahlgren ex Reveal (1992)
Capparanae Reveal (1994)
Cucurbitanae Reveal (1994)
1. Violales Perleb (1826)
Begoniales Dumort. (1829)
Bixales Lindl. (1833)
Caricales L.D. Benson (1957)
Cistales Rchb.f. (1828)
Cucurbitales Dumort. (1829)
Datiscales Dumort. (1829)
Flacourtiales Heintze (1927)
Homaliales Bromhead (1838)
Lacistematales Baskerville (1839)
Passiflorales Dumort. (1829)
Physenales Takht. (1996)
Salicales Lindl. (1833)
Samydales Dumort. (1829)
Tamaricales Hutch. (1924)
Turnerales Dumort. (1829)
1. Bixaceae Link, nom. cons. (1831)
2. Cochlospermaceae Planch. (1847)
3. Cistaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Helianthemaceae G. Mey. (1836)
4. Violaceae Batsch, nom. cons. (1802)
Alsodiaceae J. Agardh (1858)
Ionidiaceae Mert. & W.J. Koch (1823)
Leoniaceae A. DC. (1844)
5. Flacourtiaceae Rich. ex DC., nom. cons. (1824)
Aphloiaceae Takht. (1985)
Bembiciaceae R.C. Keating & Takht. (1996)
Berberidopsidaceae (Veldk.) Takht. (1985)
Blakwelliaceae T. Lestib., nom. illeg. (1826)
Homaliaceae R. Br. (1818)
Kiggelariaceae Link (1831)
Pangiaceae Endl. (1841)
Prockiaceae Bertuch (1801)
Samydaceae Vent., nom. cons. (1808)
6. Physenaceae Takht. (1985)
7. Lacistemataceae Mart., nom. cons. (1826)
8. Salicaceae Mirb., nom. cons. (1815)
9. Dipentodontaceae Merr., nom. cons. (1941)
10. Peridiscaceae Kuhlm., nom. cons. (1950)
11. Scyphostegiaceae Hutch., nom. cons. (1926)
12. Passifloraceae Juss. ex Kunth, nom. cons. (1817)
Modeccaceae Horan. (1847)
Paropsiaceae Dumort. (1829)
Smeathmanniaceae Mart. ex Perleb (1838)
13. Turneriaceae Kunth ex DC., nom. cons. (1828)
Piriquetaceae Martinov (1820)
14. Malesherbiaceae D. Don, nom. cons. (1827)
15. Achariaceae Harms, nom. cons. (1897)
16. Caricaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
Papayaceae Blume, nom. illeg. (1826)
17. Tamaricaceae Link, nom. cons. (1821)
Reaurmuriaceae Ehrenb. ex Lindl. (1830)
18. Frankeniaceae A. St.-Hil. ex Gray, nom. cons. (1821)
19. Cucurbitaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Bryoniaceae Adans. (1763)
Cyclantheraceae Lilja (1870)
Nhandirobaceae T. Lestib. (1826)
Zanoniaceae Dumort. (1829)
20. Begoniaceae C. Agardh, nom. cons. (1824)
21. Datiscaceae R. Br. ex Lindl., nom. cons. (1830)
Tetramelaceae (Warb.) Airy Shaw (1965)
2. Brassicales Bromhead (1838)
Capparales Hutch. (1924)
Gyrostemonales Takht. (1996)
Resedales Dumort. (1829)
Salvadorales R. Dahlgren ex Reveal (1993)
Tovariales Nakai (1943)
1. Resedaceae DC. ex Gray, nom. cons. (1821)
Astrocarpaceae A. Kern. (1891)
2. Capparaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Cleomaceae Horan. (1834)
Koeberliniaceae Engl., nom. cons. (1895)
Oxystylidaceae Hutch. (1969)
Pentadiplandraceae Hutch. & Dalziel (1928)
Tovariaceae Pax, nom. cons. (1891)
3. Brassicaceae Burnett, nom. cons. (1835)
Cruciferae Juss., nom. cons. et nom. alt. (1789)
Drabaceae Martinov (1820)
Erysimaceae Martinov (1820)
Raphanaceae Horan. (1847)
Sismbriaceae Martinov (1820)
Stanleyaceae Nutt. (1834)
Thlaspiaceae Adans. (1763)
4. Salvadoraceae Lindl., nom. cons. (1836)
Azimaceae Wight & Gardner (1845)
5. Gyrostemonaceae Endl. (1841)
3. Batales Engl. (1907)
1. Bataceae Mart. ex Meisn., nom. cons. (1842)
9. Santalanae Thorne ex Reveal (1992)
Balanophoranae R. Dahlgren ex Reveal (1992)
1. Santalales Dumort. (1829)
Anthobolales Dumort. (1829)
Loranthales Dumort. (1829)
Medusandrales Brenan (1952)
Olacales Benth. (1862)
1. Olacaceae Mirb. ex DC., nom. cons. (1824)
Aptandraceae Miers (1853)
Erythropalaceae (Hassk.) Sleumer, nom. cons. (1942)
Octoknemaceae Tiegh. ex Engl., nom. cons. (1909)
Schoepfiaceae Blume (1850)
Tetrastylidiaceae Calest. (1905)
Ximeniaceae Martinet (1873)
2. Opiliaceae (Benth.) Valeton, nom. cons. (1886)
Cansjeraceae J. Agardh (1858)
3. Medusandraceae Brenan, nom. cons. (1952)
4. Santalaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1810)
Anthobolaceae Dumort. (1829)
Canopodaceae C. Presl (1851)
Exocarpaceae J. Agardh (1858)
Osyridaceae Raf. (1820)
Thesiaceae Vest (1818)
5. Misodendraceae J. Agardh (1858)
6. Loranthaceae Juss. (1808)
Dendrophthoaceae Tiegh. ex Nakai (1952)
Elytranthaceae Tiegh. ex Nakai (1952)
Gaiadendraceae Tiegh. ex Nakai (1952)
Nutysiaceae Tiegh. ex Nakai (1952)
Psittacanthaceae Nakai (1952)
7. Eremolepidaceae Tiegh. ex Nakai (1952)
Lepidocerataceae Nakai (1952)
8. Viscaceae Batsch (1802)
Arceuthobiaceae Tiegh. ex Nakai (1952)
Bifariaceae Nakai (1952)
Ginalloaceae Tiegh. ex Nakai (1952)
Phoradendraceae H. Karsten (1860)
2. Balanophorales Dumort. (1829)
Cynomoriales Burnett (1835)
1. Balanophoraceae Rich. (1822)
Dactylanthaceae (Engl.) Takht. (1987)
Heloseaceae (Schott & Endl.) Bromhead (1840)
Langsdorffiaceae Tiegh. ex Pilger (1914)
Lophophytaceae (Schott & Endl.) Bromhead (1840)
Mystropetalaceae Hook.f. (1853)
Sarcophytaceae A. Kern. (1891)
Scybaliaceae A. Kern. (1891)
2. Cynomoriaceae (Schott & Endl.) Lindl., nom. cons. (1833)
10. Geranianae Thorne ex Reveal (1992)
Rhizophoranae Takht. (1996)
1. Linales Baskerville (1839)
Zygophyllales Takht. (1996)
1. Humiriaceae A. Juss. ex A. St.-Hil., nom. cons. (1829)
2. Ctenolophonaceae (H. Winkl.) Exell & Mendonc,a (1951)
3. Hugoniaceae Arn. (1834)
4. Ixonanthaceae (Benth.) Exell & Mendonc,a, nom. cons. (1951)
5. Linaceae DC. ex Gray (1821)
6. Erythroxylaceae Kunth, nom. cons. (1822)
Nectaropetalaceae (H. Winkl.) Exell & Mendonc,a (1951)
7. Zygophyllaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1814)
Nitrariaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
Peganaceae (Engl.) Takht. (1987)
Tetradiclidaceae (Engl.) Takht. (1986)
Tribulaceae Trautv. (1853)
8. Balanitaceae Endl. (1841)
2. Rhizophorales Tiegh. ex Reveal (1993)
1. Rhizophoraceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1814)
Cassipoureaceae J. Agardh (1858)
Legnotidaceae Endl., nom. illeg. (1841)
Macarisiaceae J. Agardh (1858)
Mangiaceae Raf. (1837)
3. Geraniales Dumort. (1829)
Balsaminales Lindl., nom. admiss. (1833)
Limnanthales Nakai (1930)
Oxalidales Heintze (1927)
Tropaeolales Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
1. Oxalidaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1818)
Averrhoaceae Hutch. (1959)
Dirachmaceae Hutch. (1959)
Hypseocharitaceae Wedd. (1861)
Lepidobotryaceae J. Léonard, nom. cons. (1950)
Oxydacae Rupr., nom. inadmiss. (1860)
2. Geraniaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Biebersteiniaceae Endl. (1841)
Erodiaceae Horan. (1847)
Ledocarpaceae Meyen (1834)
Rhynchothecaceae Endl. (1841)
Vivianiaceae Klotzsch (1836)
3. Balsaminaceae A. Rich., nom. cons. (1822)
Hydroceraceae Blume, nom. inadmiss. (1825)
Impatientaceae Barnh. (1895)
4. Tropaeolaceae Juss. ex DC., nom. cons. (1824)
Cardamindaceae Link, nom. illeg. (1831)
5. Limnanthaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1833)
4. Polygalales Dumort. (1829)
Malpighiales Mart. (1835)
Vochysiales Dumort. (1829)
1. Malpighiaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
2. Trigoniaceae Endl., nom. cons. (1841)
3. Vochysiaceae A. St.-Hil., nom. cons. (1820)
Euphroniaceae Marc.-Berti (1989)
4. Polygalaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1814)
Diclidantheraceae J. Agardh, nom. cons. (1858)
Moutabeaceae Endl. (1841)
Xanthophyllaceae (Chodat) Gagnep. ex Reveal & Hoogland (1990)
5. Krameriaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
Rutanae through Gentiananae or Lilianae through Commelinanae
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