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PBIO 250 Lecture Notes
James L. Reveal
Norton-Brown Herbarium, University of Maryland
Thorne System of Angiosperm Classification
2. Liliidae Takht. (1967)
Alismatidae Takht. (1967)
Arecidae Takht. (1967)
Commelinidae Takht. (1967)
Triurididae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
Zingiberidae Cronquist (1978)
1. Lilianae Takht. (1967)
Dioscoreanae Takht. (1996)
1. Liliales Perleb (1826)
Alstroemeriales Hutch. (1934)
Colchicales Dumort. (1829)
Iridales Raf. (1815)
Ixiales Lindl. (1835)
Melanthiales R. Dahlgren ex Reveal (1992)
Paridales Dumort. (1829)
Trilliales Takht. (1996)
Veratrales Dumort. (1829)
1. Melanthiaceae Batsch, nom. cons. (1802)
Abaminaceae J. Agardh, nom. illeg. (1858)
Chionographidaceae Takht. (1996)
Heloniadaceae J. Agardh (1858)
Japonoliriaceae Takht. (1996)
Lophiolaceae Nakai (1943)
Nartheciaceae Fr. ex Bjurzon (1846)
Petrosaviaceae Hutch., nom. cons. (1934)
Tofieldiaceae Takht. (1994)
Veratraceae Salisb. (1807)
Xerophyllaceae Takht. (1996)
2. Campynemataceae Dumort. (1829)
3. Alstroemeriaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
4. Colchicaceae DC., nom. cons. (1805)
Bulbocodiaceae Salisb. (1866)
Burchardiaceae Takht. (1996)
Merenderaceae Mirb. (1804)
5. Liliaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Calochortaceae Dumort. (1829)
Compsoaceae Horan. (1834)
Erythroniaceae Martinov (1820)
Fritillariaceae Salisb. (1866)
Liriaceae Batsch (1786)
Medeolaceae (S. Wats.) Takht. (1987)
Scoliopaceae Takht. (1996)
Tricyridaceae Takht. (1996)
Tulipaceae Batsch (1786)
Uvulariaceae A. Gray ex Kunth, nom. cons. (1843)
6. Trilliaceae Lindl., nom. cons. (1846)
Paridaceae Dumort. (1827)
7. Iridaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Crocaceae Vest (1818)
Galaxiaceae Raf. (1836)
Geosiridaceae Jonker, nom. cons. (1939)
Gladiolaceae Raf. (1838)
Hewardiaceae Nakai, nom. illeg. (1943)
Isophysidaceae (Hutch.) F.A. Barkley (1948)
Ixiaceae Horan. (1834)
2. Burmanniales Heintze (1927)
1. Burmanniaceae Blume, nom. cons. (1827)
Thismiaceae J. Agardh, nom. cons. (1858)
Tripterellaceae Dumort., nom. illeg. (1829)
2. Corsiaceae Becc., nom. cons. (1878)
3. Asparagales Bromhead (1838)
Agavales Hutch. (1934)
Alliales Traub (1972)
Amaryllidales Bromhead (1840)
Asteliales Dumort. (1829)
Hanguanales R. Dahlgren ex Reveal (1992)
Hypoxidales Takht. (1996)
Narcissales Dumort. (1829)
Tecophilaeales Traub ex Reveal (1993)
Velloziales R. Dahlgren ex Reveal (1992)
1. Asparagaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Aspidistraceae Endl. (1841)
Convallariaceae Horan. (1834)
Herreriaceae Endl. (1841)
Ophiopogonaceae Endl. (1841)
Peliosanthaceae Salisb. (1866)
Platymetraceae Salisb., nom. illeg. (1866)
Polygonataceae Salisb. (1866)
Ruscaceae Sprengl. ex Hutch., nom. cons. (1934)
Tupistraceae Schnizl. (1846)
2. Luzuriagaceae Lotsy (1911)
Eustrephaceae Chupov (1994)
Geitonoplesiaceae R. Dahlgr. ex Conran (1994)
3. Asphodelaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Aloaceae Batsch (1802)
4. Aphyllanthaceae Burnett (1835)
Anthericaceae J. Agardh (1858)
Laxmanniaceae Bubani (1901-1902)
5. Phormiaceae J. Agardh (1858)
Dianellaceae Salisb. (1866)
Doryanthaceae R. Dahlgren & Clifford (1985)
6. Tecophilaeaceae Leyb., nom. cons. (1862)
Androsynaceae Salisb. (1866)
Conantheraceae (D. Don) Hook.f. (1873)
Cyanellaceae Salisb. (1866)
Walleriaceae (R. Dahlgren) Takht. (1994)
7. Lanariaceae H. Huber ex R. Dahlgren & A.E. van Wyk (1988)
8. Hemerocallidaceae R. Br. (1810)
9. Asteliaceae Dumort. (1829)
Dracaenaceae Salisb. (1866)
Nolinaceae Nakai (1943)
Sansevieriaceae Nakai (1936)
10. Hanguanaceae Airy Shaw (1965)
11. Agavaceae Endl., nom. cons. (1841)
Yuccaceae J. Agardh (1858)
12. Hostaceae B. Mathew (1988)
Funkiaceae Horan., nom. illeg. (1834)
13. Blandfordiaceae R. Dahlgren & Clifford (1985)
14. Dasypogonaceae Dumort. (1829)
Baxteriaceae Takht. (1996)
Calectasiaceae Endl. (1838)
Kingiaceae Endl. (1838)
Lomandraceae Lotsy (1911)
Xerotaceae Endl., nom. illeg. (1838)
15. Xanthorrhoeaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
16. Ixioliriaceae (Pax) Nakai (1943)
17. Hyacinthaceae Batsch (1786)
Eucomidaceae Salisb. (1866)
Hesperocallidaceae Traub (1972)
Lachenaliaceae Salisb. (1866)
Ornithogalaceae Salisb. (1866)
Scillaceae Vest (1818)
18. Alliaceae J. Agardh, nom. cons. (1858)
Agapanthaceae Voigt (1850)
Cepaceae Salisb. (1866)
Gilliesiaceae Lindl. (1826)
Milulaceae Traub (1972)
Themidaceae Salisb. (1866)
Tulbaghiaceae Salisb. (1866)
19. Amaryllidaceae J. St.-Hil., nom. cons. (1805)
Brunsvigiaceae Horan. (1834)
Crinaceae Vest (1818)
Cyrtanthaceae Salisb. (1866)
Galanthaceae G. Mey. (1836)
Gethyllidaceae Raf. (1838)
Haemanthaceae Salisb. (1866)
Leucojaceae Batsch (1786)
Narcissaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Oporanthaceae Salisb. (1866)
Pancratiaceae Horan. (1847)
Strumariaceae Salisb. (1866)
Zephyranthaceae Salisb. (1866)
20. Hypoxidaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1814)
21. Velloziaceae Endl., nom. cons. (1841)
Acanthochlamydaceae (Shou C. Chen) P.C. Kao (1989)
Barbaceniaceae Arn. (1832)
22. Cyanastraceae Engl., nom. cons. (1900)
23. Eriospermaceae Endl. (1841)
4. Dioscoreales Hook.f. (1876)
Smilacales Lindl. (1833)
Taccales Dumort. (1829)
Tamales Dumort. (1829)
1. Philesiaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
Lapageriaceae Kunth (1850)
2. Rhipogonaceae Conran & Cliffford (1985)
3. Petermanniaceae Hutch., nom. cons. (1934)
4. Smilacaceae Vent., nom. cons. (1799)
5. Dioscoreaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1810)
Avetraceae Takht. (1996)
Stenomeridaceae J. Agardh, nom. cons. (1858)
Tamaceae Martinov (1820)
Tamnaceae J. Kickx f. (1826)
6. Trichopodaceae Hutch., nom. cons. (1934)
7. Stemonaceae Engl., nom. cons. (1887)
Croomiaceae Nakai (1937)
Pentastemonaceae Duyfjes (1992)
Roxburghiaceae Wall. (1832)
8. Taccaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
5. Orchidales Raf. (1815)
1. Orchidaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Apostasiaceae Lindl. (1833)
Cypripediaceae Lindl. (1833)
Limodoraceae Horan. (1847)
Neottiaceae Horan. (1834)
Neuwiediaceae (Burns-Bal. & V.A. Funk) R. Dahlgren ex Reveal & Hoogland (1991)
Vanillaceae Lindl. (1835)
2. Hydatellanae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
1. Hydatellales Cronquist (1980)
1. Hydatellaceae U. Hamann, nom. cons. (1976)
3. Triuridanae Thorne ex Reveal (1992)
1. Triuridales Hook.f. (1876)
1. Triuridaceae Gardner, nom. cons. (1843)
Lacandoniaceae E. Martínes & Ramos (1989)
4. Alismatanae Takht. (1967)
Butomanae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
Najadanae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
1. Alismatales Dumort. (1829)
Butomales Hutch. (1934)
Elodeales Nakai (1950)
Hydrocharitales Dumort. (1829)
Najadales Dumort. (1829)
Vallisneriales Nakai (1949)
1. Butomaceae Rich., nom. cons. (1815)
2. Alismataceae Vent., nom. cons. (1799)
Damasoniaceae Nakai (1943)
Elismataceae Nakai, nom. illeg. (1943)
Limnocharitaceae Takht. ex Cronquist (1981)
3. Hydrocharitaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Blyxaceae (Aschers. & Gürcke) Nakai (1949)
Elodeaceae Dumort. (1829)
Enhalaceae Nakai (1943)
Halophilaceae J. Agardh (1858)
Najadaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Stratiotaceae Link (1829)
Thalassiaceae Nakai (1943)
Vallisneriaceae Link (1829)
2. Potamogetonales Dumort. (1829)
Aponogetonales Hutch. (1934)
Cymodoceales Nakai (1943)
Juncaginales Hutch. (1934)
Posidoniales Nakai (1943)
Ruppiales Nakai (1950)
Scheuchzeriales B. Boivin (1956)
Zosterales Nakai (1943)
1. Aponogetonaceae J. Agardh (1858)
2. Scheuchzeriaceae Rudolphi, nom. cons. (1830)
3. Juncaginaceae Rich. (1808)
Heterostylaceae Hutch. (1934)
Lilaeaceae Dumort. (1829)
Maundiaceae Nakai (1943)
Triglochinaceae Chev. (1827)
4. Potamogetonaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
Hydrogetonaceae Link (1829)
Ruppiaceae Horan. ex Hutch., nom. cons. (1934)
5. Posidoniaceae Hutch., nom. cons. (1934)
Cauliniaceae J. Presl, nom. illeg. (1846)
6. Cymodoceaceae N. Taylor, nom. cons. (1909)
7. Zannichelliaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
8. Zosteraceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
5. Aranae Thorne ex Reveal (1992)
1. Acorales Reveal (1996)
1. Acoraceae Martinov (1820)
2. Arales Dumort. (1829)
1. Araceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Arisaraceae Raf. (1838)
Caladiaceae Salisb. (1866)
Callaceae Rchb. ex Bartl. (1830)
Cryptocorynaceae J. Agardh (1858)
Dracontiaceae Salisb. (1866)
Lentiscaceae Horan. (1843)
Orontiaceae Bartl. (1830)
Pistiaceae Rich. ex C. Agardh (1822)
Pothoaceae Raf. (1838)
2. Lemnaceae Gray, nom. cons. (1821)
Wolffiaceae Bubani (1901-1902)
6. Cyclanthanae Thorne ex Reveal (1996)
1. Cyclanthales Nakai (1930)
1. Cyclanthaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
7. Pandananae Thorne ex Reveal (1992)
1. Pandanales Lindl. (1833)
1. Pandanaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1810)
Freycinetiaceae Brongn. ex Le Maout & Decne. (1868)
8. Arecanae Takht. (1967)
1. Arecales Bromhead (1840)
Cocosales Nakai (1930)
1. Arecaceae Schultz Sch., nom. cons. (1832)
Acristaceae O.F. Cook (1913)
Borassaceae Schultz Sch. (1832)
Calamaceae Kunth ex Perleb (1838)
Ceroxylaceae O.F. Cook (1913)
Chamaedoreaceae O.F. Cook (1913)
Cocosaceae Schultz Sch. (1832)
Cocosales Nakai (1930)
Coryphaceae Schultz Sch. (1832)
Geonomataceae O.F. Cook (1913)
Iriarteaceae O.F. Cook & Doyle (1913)
Lepidocaryaceae O.F. Cook (1913)
Malortieaceae O.F. Cook (1913)
Manicariaceae O.F. Cook (1910)
Nypaceae Brongn. ex Le Maout & Decne. (1868)
Palmae Juss., nom. cons. et nom. alt. (1789)
Phoenicaceae Burnett (1835)
Phytellephaceae Mart. ex Perleb (1838)
Pseudophoenicaceae O.F. Cook (1913)
Sabalaceae Schultz Sch. (1832)
Sagaceae Schultz Sch., nom. illeg. (1832)
Synechanthaceae O.F. Cook (1913)
9. Commelinanae Takht. (1967)
Bromelianae R. Dahlgren ex Reveal (1992)
Juncanae Takht. (1967)
Pontederianae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
Typhanae Thorne ex Reveal (1992)
Zingiberanae Takht. ex Reveal (1993)
1. Bromeliales Dumort. (1829)
1. Bromeliaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Tillandsiaceae Wilbr. (1834)
2. Philydrales Dumort. (1829)
Haemodorales Hutch. (1934)
Pontederiales Hook.f. (1876)
1. Philydraceae Link, nom. cons. (1821)
2. Pontederiaceae Kunth, nom. cons. (1816)
Heterantheraceae J. Agardh (1858)
Unisemataceae Raf. (1837)
3. Haemodoraceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1810)
Conostylidaceae (Pax) Takht. (1987)
Dilatridaceae M. Roem. (1840)
Wachendorfiaceae Herb. (1837)
Xiphidiaceae Dumort. (1829)
3. Typhales Dumort. (1829)
1. Typhaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Sparganiaceae Rudolphi, nom. cons. (1830)
4. Zingiberales Griseb. (1854)
Amomales Lindl. (1835)
Cannales Dumort. (1829)
1. Musaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
2. Strelitziaceae (K. Schum.) Hutch. (1934)
3. Lowiaceae Ridl., nom. cons. (1924)
4. Heliconiaceae (A. Rich.) Nakai (1941)
5. Zingiberaceae Lindl., nom. cons. (1835)
Alpiniaceae R. Br. ex Rudolphi (1830)
Amomaceae J. St.-Hil. (1805)
Curcumaceae Dumort. (1829)
6. Costaceae (Meisn.) Nakai (1941)
7. Cannaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
8. Marantaceae Petersen, nom. cons. (1888)
5. Commelinales Dumort. (1829)
Eriocaulales Nakai (1930)
Mayacales Nakai (1943)
Xyridales Lindl. (1846)
1. Rapateaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
2. Xyridaceae C. Agardh, nom. cons. (1823)
Abolbodaceae Nakai (1943)
3. Commelinaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1810)
Cartonemataceae Pichon, nom. cons. (1946)
Ephemeraceae Batsch, nom. illeg. (1802)
Tradescantiaceae Salisb. (1807)
4. Mayacaceae Kunth (1842)
5. Eriocaulaceae P. Beauv. ex Desv. (1828)
6. Juncales Dumort. (1829)
Cyperales Hutch. (1934)
1. Thurniaceae Engl., nom. cons. (1907)
2. Juncaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
3. Cyperaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Caricaceae Burnett, nom. illeg. (1835)
Kobresiaceae Gilly (1952)
Papyraceae Burnett (1835)
Scirpaceae Batsch (1786)
7. Poales Small (1903)
Avenales Bromhead (1838)
Restionales J.H. Schaffn. (1929)
1. Flagellariaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
2. Joinvilleaceae Toml. & A.C. Smith (1970)
3. Restionaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1810)
Anarthriaceae D.F. Cutler & Airy Shaw (1965)
Elegiaceae Raf. (1838)
4. Ecdeiocoleaceae D.F. Cutler & Airy Shaw (1965)
5. Centrolepidaceae Endl., nom. cons. (1836)
Devauxiaceae Dumort., nom. illeg. (1829)
6. Poaceae (R. Br.) Barnh., nom. cons. (1895)
Aegilopaceae Martinov (1820)
Agrostidaceae Burnett (1835)
Alopecuraceae Martinov (1820)
Andropogonaceae Martinov (1820)
Anomochloaceae Nakai (1943)
Arundinaceae (Dumort.) Hochst. (1850)
Arundinellaceae (Stapf) Herter (1940)
Avenaceae Martinov (1820)
Bambusaceae Burnett (1835)
Chloridaceae (Bercht. & J. Presl) Herter (1940)
Eragrostidaceae (Stapf) Herter (1940)
Gramineae Juss., nom. cons. et nom. alt. (1789)
Hordeaceae Burnett (1835)
Lepturaceae (Dumort.) Herter (1940)
Maydaceae Martinov, nom. illeg. (1820)
Meliaceae Burnett (1835)
Melicaceae Martinov (1820)
Nardaceae Martinov (1820)
Oryzaceae Burnett (1835)
Panicaceae Voigt (1845)
Pappophoraceae (Kunth) Herter (1940)
Parianaceae Nakai (1943)
Phalaridaceae Burnett (1835)
Pharaceae (Stapf) Herter (1940)
Saccharaceae Martinov (1820)
Spartinaceae Burnett (1835)
Sporobolaceae Herter (1941)
Stipaceae Burnett (1835)
Streptochaetaceae Nakai (1943)
Tristeginaceae (Link) Herter, nom. illeg. (1940)
Triticaceae Hochst. (1848)
Zeaceae A. Kern. (1891)
Magnolianae through Geranianae or Rutanae through Gentiananae
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